Why are children more susceptible to adverse effects of medication and radiation?

Children are more susceptible to adverse effects of medication and radiation primarily due to their small size and increased organ sensitivity. When it comes to medication dosing, children are not simply smaller adults; their bodies process drugs differently. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which dictate how substances are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted, can vary significantly in children.

Moreover, children’s organs are still developing, which makes them more vulnerable to damage from both medication and radiation. Tissues that are rapidly dividing, such as those found in growing children, are generally more sensitive to radiation exposure, increasing the risk of adverse effects. This combination of smaller body mass and heightened organ sensitivity requires careful consideration when administering treatments, as the margin for error is much narrower compared to adults.

Other factors, such as metabolic rate and treatment resilience, can be relevant in the context of pediatric care, but they do not directly address the unique vulnerabilities that stem from size and developmental stage, which are the primary reasons for increased susceptibility.