Which statement about cognitive changes in elderly populations is accurate?

Long-term memories tend to remain relatively intact in older populations, which supports the accuracy of this statement. Research has shown that while aging can lead to declines in certain cognitive functions, particularly in processing speed and short-term memory, many aspects of long-term memory, such as knowledge and skills that have been accumulated over a lifetime, are usually preserved. This retention of long-term memories is attributed to the extensive memory networks and experiences that older adults have, allowing them to draw on a wealth of information despite possible challenges in other areas of cognitive function.

By contrast, the other statements are not as accurate. For example, the assertion that the elderly cannot retain knowledge overlooks the fact that while there may be some decline in certain learning capacities, older adults can still learn and retain new information effectively, albeit perhaps not as quickly as younger individuals. Similarly, while long-term memories remain more stable, short-term memory does not necessarily impair significantly to the level suggested, as many older adults can still retain information for short periods, even if they face some challenges with it. Thus, acknowledging the nuances in cognitive abilities is crucial in understanding the aging process.