Which device is often used to measure cumulative radiation exposure over time?

The film badge is a widely utilized device for measuring cumulative radiation exposure over time. It consists of a small packet of photographic film that darkens in response to radiation exposure. When analyzed, the degree of darkening provides a quantitative measure of the radiation the individual has been exposed to over a specific period. This makes film badges particularly useful for personnel monitoring in environments where there is a potential risk of radiation exposure, enabling long-term tracking of cumulative doses.

The film badge's design allows for permanent records of exposure, which is essential for ensuring safety and compliance with radiation protection standards. This type of device is particularly valuable in occupational settings, such as hospitals or nuclear facilities, where consistent monitoring of individuals' exposure to radiation is necessary for health and safety.

While other devices like the ion-chamber survey meter, pocket ionization chamber, and Geiger-Müller counter serve other important functions in radiation detection or measurement, they are not primarily designed for tracking cumulative exposure over extended periods like the film badge is. The ion-chamber survey meter is typically used for monitoring radiation levels in real-time, the pocket ionization chamber provides immediate readings but does not track over time, and the Geiger-Müller counter is often used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation but